In the late 1100s, Japan's two most powerful clans fought for the power. After thirty years of fighting, the Minamoto family emerged victorious. In 1192, the emperor gave a Minamoto leader named Yoritomo, the title of shogun (supreme leader of the emperor's army). The shogun technically had the powers of a military dictator. Following in tradition, the emperor still reigned from Kyoto. Though the real power was actually at the shoguns military headquarters at Kamakura. The 1200s are known as the time of the Kamakura shogunate. This was a pattern of government in which the shoguns ruled the empire through "puppet" emperors, which lasted until 1868. The shoguns were strong enough to turn back the two naval invasions sent by Kublai Khan in 1274 and 1281. Japanese victory over the Mongols had ended up draining the shoguns' treasury. Kamakura shoguns lost all their prestige and power.